Old English is a member of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. Its texts are dated from the 7th to the 11th century AD.
OE is a synthetic language with some analytic tendencies. Syntacticaly, it was verb-final or subject-object-verb in its early periods, with strong tendencies towards verb-object later. The general word order in a noun phrase is the demonstrative + adjective + noun; if eall “all” is present, it precedes all the other elements.
In Old English, adjectives are an open class. New adjectives are formed by suffixation.
Adjectives function as noun phrase modifiers and copula complements; they can also be substantivized, e.g. se blind “the blind person” or god “the good”.
There are two types of adjective declension: strong and weak, which is an important Germanic innovation with regards to the Proto-Indo-European.
Adjectives are formally split to the following paradigmatic clas-ses:
ordinary (god)
-w (gearu)
-e (swēte)
This distinction is purely grammatical and bears no other semantic or syntactical function.
Bibliography
Dixon R.M.W, Alexandra Aikhenvald. 2005. Adjective Classes. A Cross-linguistic Typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Aschenbrenner, Anne. 2014. Adjectives as nouns, mainly as at-tested in Boethius translations from Old to Modern English and in Modern German. Vol. 47. Muenchen: Herbert Utz Verlag.
Pintzuk, Susan. 2014. Phrase structures in competition: Variation and change in Old English word order. London – New York: Routledge.
Bean, Marian C. The development of word order patterns in Old English. Rowman & Littlefield, 1983.
Hogg, Richard M., and Rhona Alcorn. An Introduction to Old English. Edinburgh University Press, 2012.
Toller, Thomas Northcote, and Joseph Bosworth. An Anglo-Saxon dictionary: based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth: supplement. Clarendon Press, 1921. Retrieved online at http://www.bosworthtoller.com on 7/10/2016.
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