Runic is a member of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is a language of the runic inscriptions, which were found in a large area across Europe. It is attested up to the 5th century AD. Most texts are short, consisting only of a name and one or two other words. Among the more extensive texts is the famous Galehus horn with translation: “I, Hlewagastiz, (son of) Holtijaz, made this horn”, dating to 400 AD. There are no attested examples of adjective valence in Runic.

Bibliography:

Antonsen, Elmer H. 2002. Runes and Germanic Linguistics. (TILSM, 140.) Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton.

Nielsen, Hans Frede. 2000.The Early Runic Language of Scandinavia. Studies in Germanic Dialect Geography. Indogermanische Bibliothek. Erste Reihe. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.